The NIH has created a web site to specifically gather information on process and programs for new independent investigators.  Included is information on the menu of transition programs for individuals in the late stages of postdoctoral training as well as new faculty.

NIH New Investigators Program

Within the site is a video (as well as other resources) which illustrates the peer review process as conducted at the NIH.

Inside the NIH Grant Review Process

The site is a rich resource of materials including links to other organizations including HHMI.